W.H. Audens Musee des Beaux Arts and Pieter Bruegels The Fall of Icar

W.H. Auden's Musee des Beaux Arts and Pieter Bruegel's The Fall of Icarus W.H. Auden and Pieter Bruegel were both keen observers of the ordinary. In Bruegel’s painting â€Å"The Fall of Icarus†, he is able to look past the tragedy of the death of Icarus and focus on the simple scene surrounding the event. Auden’s poem, â€Å"Musee des Beaux Arts†, has the same qualities: it glazes over the nature of tragedy, and chooses to instead examine the fact that life goes on while disaster occurs. Arthur F. Kinney highlights this idea of calm in the face of tragedy in a critical essay entitled â€Å"Auden, Bruegel, and Musee des Beaux Arts†. Kinney explores Auden’s inspiration for the theme of the poem. The theme, Kinney explains, is not merely generated by â€Å"The Fall of Icarus†, but also two other Bruegel pieces. â€Å"The Numbering at Bethlehem† portays Joseph and Mary arriving at Bethlehem, while â€Å"The Massacre of the Innocents† shows a torturer and his horse in a town square. Both pieces conv ey the same main theme as â€Å"Musee des Beaux Arts†: the complex nature of a substantial event, contrasted with the simplicity of every day life. Each of the paintings reflects on human nature, in the context of apathy amidst tragedy. In his critical article â€Å"Auden, Bruegel, and Musee des Beaux Arts† Kinney asserts that â€Å"the same statement [is] made by two art forms†, and that Bruegel’s painting and the poem it inspired, â€Å"Musee des Beaux Arts†, â€Å"juxtapose the unique and the commonplace.† â€Å"The Fall of Icarus†, the only one of Bruegel’s paintings mentioned by name in Auden’s â€Å"Musee des Beaux Arts†, concludes the final octet of the poem. The plowman in the foreground, not the splashing legs of Icarus, is what the canvas is centered on. Bruegel’s focus on the sim... ... Works Cited Bible, King James Version. Luke 1-5. 12 Dec. 2005 . Auden, W. H. ""Musee Des Beaux Arts"" The Longman Anthology. Ed. David Damrosch. New York: Longman, 2003. 2789-2790. "Daedalus in Greek Mythology." Mythography: The Legend of Daedelus in Myth and Art. Loggia. 12 Dec. 2005 . Kinney, Arthur F. "Auden, Bruegel, and 'Musee des Beaux Arts'" 7: 529-531. EBSCOhost. Homer Babbidge Library, Storrs. 11 Dec. 2005. Keywords: Auden + Musee Des Beaux Arts. "Musee des Beaux Arts." 2003. Poetry Pages. 12 Dec. 2005 . Pieter, Bruegel. The Fall of Icarus. Musee des Beaux Arts. Pieter Bruegel Oil Paintings. 12 Dec. 2005 . Pieter, Bruegel. The Massacre of Innocents. Musee des Beaux Arts. Pieter Bruegel Oil Paintings. 12 Dec. 2005 . Pieter, Bruegel. The Numbering at Bethlehem. Musee des Beaux Arts. Pieter Bruegel Oil Paintings. 12 Dec. 2005 .

Goals: Problem Solving and Population Reference Bureau

Abstract â€Å"To prepare for solving a problem, we must first acknowledge that the problem exists. Then, we must accept it, and clearly define or identify it. Finally, we must commit to solving the problem. Without some degree of personal commitment, the problems that we acknowledge, accept, and identify might never be resolved. 1. using a current local or international newspaper, identify an important local, national, or international concern that needs to be solved.Use the Library and Information Resources Network (LIRN) link by clicking here to locate two or more credible articles that provide background information and an analysis of the problem. You can also access LIRN in your online course by clicking on Course Home tab, then the Online Resources link. Contact your Campus for your LIRN password. 3. Using the articles you found as a resource, explain the concern using the five â€Å"Problem Solving Methods† found on page 104 of your textbook. Use Microsoft Word to resp ond to your problem.Your response should consist of 1-2 pages. Cite your articles using APA guidelines. Visit the APA Guide for assistance with APA formatting. † Week Two Individual Work (1) Introduction Using the articles I found as a resource, I am going to explain the concern using the five â€Å"Problem Solving Methods†. This is a big issue and I think we should all be actively trying to solve this issue. Environmental Problems I am going to be discussing environmental problems. I will use the problem solving methods as they are outlined in our text.â€Å"Problem- Solving Method (Advanced) Step 1: What is the problem? a. What do I know about the situation? b. What results am I aiming for in this situation? c. How can I define the problem? Step 2: What are the alternatives? a. What are the boundaries of the problem situation? b. What alternatives are possible within these boundaries? Step 3: What are the advantages and/ or disadvantages of each alternative? a. What are the advantages of each alternative? b. What are the disadvantages of each alternative? c.What additional information do I need to evaluate each alternative? Step 4: What is the solution? a. Which alternative(s) will I pursue? b. What steps can I take to act on the alternative(s) chosen? Step 5: How well is the solution working? a. What is my evaluation? b. What adjustments are necessary? †(Chafee) The problem is environmental problems, such as we have been polluting our planet’s air, water, and land; depleting its resources; and accumulating a lot of waste for which we need to find places to store.I know this situation needs to be suppressed on some level; because if we continue at this rate, then our environment will not be fit to live in. We have 6. 8 billion people on Earth today (Population Reference Bureau, 2009) and all of these people need food, water, clothing, and shelter. In addition to these minimal needs to survive, millions of people in developed nation s have cars, large homes, air conditioning, heated houses, washers, dryers, heated water for bathing, refrigerators, stoves, and so on.Hence, having nearly 7 billion people on Earth, compared to 5.2 billion people just 20 years ago (Population Reference Bureau, 1990), and having many people with a high standard of living, means that we humans will pollute a lot, deplete a lot, and build up huge amounts of waste that need to be stored. A second major reason why we have a big problem of polluting, depleting, and storing of waste is that during the past 200 years, we have gone from an agricultural way of life to an industrial way of life. Instead of â€Å"living off the land,† â€Å"growing grain to eat, and tending to farm animals, we built  factories and machines and created a new status called the factory worker to produce all kinds of products to consume—as a stroll through a typical shopping mall will show.To create these products, we have used a lot of resources and polluted the air and rivers. One of the most dangerous consequences of our polluting the environment is that we add huge amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as the result of burning fossil fuels, such as oil and gas, by industries and automobiles.†The result is the warming of our planet and the possible change of Earth’s climate, which could wreak havoc for the growing seasons. What can we do about this? More and more people are coming to the realization that we must consider the long term, what is good for the global community, and what is good for future generations if we want to survive as a species. This will require us to think, plan, sacrifice, and change our ways of living. Many people in our country, and throughout the world, do not realize the seriousness of our environmental problem.Hence, part of the solution is to make Americans more aware of the problem and to educate them about the problem. We must find ways to give these Americans incentives s o that they want to address the environmental problem or at least accept the notion that we must address this problem, regardless of their vested interests. The environmental problem will not go away by denying its existence or by denying that it is becoming a bigger and bigger problem. The oceans and the air are common property that we all share.If air and water pollution stayed only in the country that produced it, the nation producing this pollution could take the initiative and responsibility to clean up the pollution it produced. But air and water pollution does not stop at state boundaries; rather it spreads throughout the world. We as citizens of this world, not just citizens of a nation, will need to work together to clean up our oceans and air. Probably, we will eventually need to agree on some worldwide goals for the planet. We have been moving in this direction by attempting to decrease carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbon emissions.We will probably need to make saving o ur environment one of the main goals of our world community. Within this goal, we will need to agree on more specific goals such as decreasing carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and chlorofluorocarbons; increasing the amount of rainforest; finding new, better, and safer ways of storing hazardous waste; and producing more energy without polluting more, depleting more, and creating more waste. Conclusion This is an issue we must all face together. We must realize that there is a problem and work on long term goals to correct this problem.Eventually, we may be able to turn this around. However, we must think long term, not only think about the here and now. Probably, a key factor, if not the key factor, in solving our environmental problem is time. Can we, as a world community, act soon enough to head off environmental trends that could be difficult, if not impossible, to reverse—for example, rising carbon dioxide emissions leading to rising temperatures, melting glaciers, rising s ea levels, and changing cli- mate patterns throughout the world? We must face this with a sense of urgency.

Essay about Christopher Nolans Inception - 1262 Words

In the film Inception one follows Dominic Cobb who is a skilled thief, the absolute best in the dangerous art of extraction, stealing valuable secrets from deep within the vulnerable subconscious while the mind is in the dream state. Cobbs rare ability has landed him a job with a corporate espionage to try and earn his way back home after he has lost everything he has ever loved. This final job could give him his life back but only if he can complete the seemly impossible task of inception. Cobb and his team of highly trained architects and extractors have one chance to complete their task. Now instead of stealing an idea they must supplant a new one. Failure is not an option for Cobb and he has taken extra care to exclude information†¦show more content†¦The scenes he has chosen to hold on to stand alone without his interference. They are mostly complied of memories of his children, and very heavily of his late wife. In contrast we are introduced to Mal, Cobb’s late wife’s inner mind and location for her secrets. She has only kept one and has placed it in a small safe. This safe is placed inside a pink doll house. This doll house is surrounded by other objects that media and childhood accustom to young girls and innocence. An overall pink theme is present in the room with a box of yellow and pink stuffed animals amongst photos of horses and floral furniture dress the room. The room in which the house and toys are kept is Mal’s childhood home. This leads one to assume that this room is a reflection of the identity codes Mal was taught as a young girl. Unlike Cobb she has not been able to create her own domain to hide her secrets but relies on her memories to create an old location to use, one in which Cobb has imposed his memories into as well. Although the memory location being used is unique to Mal’s childhood, she did not create it alone. Cobb mentions multiple times that the world where her secrets reside was created by both of them. Barrie Thorne the author of Gender Play: Girls and Boys in School says that even when boys and girls do not separate into segregated groups they will still imply the differences they have been taught to create distance between each other. Girls will unknowinglyShow MoreRelatedChristopher Nolans Inception852 Words   |  3 Pages In 2010, Director Christopher Nolan took us deep into the postmodern worldview and dreaming state in his film, Inception. In the film we are introduced to Dom Cobb (played by Leonardo Dicaprio) who is a rogue specialist in a field known as â€Å"dream sharing†. This technology, created by the government to train soldiers, allows people to go deep into other’s dream and do whatever they wish. Dom is running from the law, and so he gets work in high-tech corporate espionage, however we, as an audienceRead MoreIs Christopher Nolan A Modern Hollywood Auteur?1497 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing the release of his movie, Inception, The Guardian ran an article comparing Christopher Nolan to famed Hollywood auteur, Stanley Kubrick. Most readers subsequently reacted negatively to the article’s central premise. However, The Guardian’s readers concurrently began pondering another question: is Christopher Nolan a modern Hollywood auteur? According to many scholast ic sources, Nolan should not even be considered for auteur status. Most of these naysayers point out that six of his eightRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Inception1318 Words   |  6 PagesOn July 16, 2010, audiences across the world traveled to nearby theaters to watch the unique, original film Inception. The film Inception was like no other, depicting a dream like world where the city folded upon while the shadows of darkness cast over it creating a mystique ambiance. This thrilling, original film was written by the renowned director Christopher Nolan and produced by Warner Brothers Studios. Nolan directed the film while working side by side with Wally Pfister, the director of photographyRead MoreEssay on The Romantic Notion of a Film Director 2217 Words   |  9 Pagesimagination and is it the spectator who finds meaning in the film. I will be closely looking at critical material, primarily Andrà © Bazin and Roland Barthes and applying them to several case study films directed by Christopher Nolan including The Following (1998), The Prestige (2006) and Inception (2010), to examine whether Nolan possesses the qualities of an auteur and if so, does that imply an ideological view of what the auteur resembles or an artistic one. The term auteur theory arose in France duringRead MoreInception and Shutter Island: Grief, Guilt, Insanity and Fantasy1096 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Inception and Shutter Island; Grief, Guilt, Insanity and Fantasy Roughly one hundred and fifty thousand people die every day across the globe. The loss of a loved one can cause any man to lose his mind and act irrationally, especially if he had a hand in his loved ones death. In dealing with the aftermath of losing family, Christopher Nolan’s Inception and Martin Scorsese’s Shutter Island, both examine the effects of grief, guilt and the dangers of delving into insanity and fantasy to ease theRead MoreChristopher Nol An American Film Director, Screenwriter, And Producer And Auteur.847 Words   |  4 PagesDecember 2015 CHRISTOPHER NOLAN Christopher Nolan is considered an English-American film director, screenwriter, and producer and Auteur. Nolan is a man of talent who is known as one of the smartest, most creative, and successful directors in the film industry today.He is widely recognized after his first successful feature movie Following(1998),a noir thriller film.Which was recognized at a number of international film festival.Common themes and actors can be seen throughout Christopher Nolan’s filmsRead MoreAnalysis Of Christopher Nolan s The Dark Knight Trilogy 963 Words   |  4 Pagesis a director who leaves a personal message or impact on the films they’re working on. Not only visually, but also utilizing their techniques and motifs which are always used in films. The director I have chosen to write about is none other than Christopher Nolan. I chose to write about him not just because he did one of my favorite superhero movies of all time (The Dark Knight Trilogy), but he is one of my favorit e directors of all time. After reading Andrew Sarris article, I will stick with the meaningRead MoreInception Film Analysis892 Words   |  4 PagesInception, released in 2010, is an exhilarating science fiction film that keeps its audiences engaged and absorbed in the action by creating a sixth sense experience. This thriller is equipped with some of Hollywood’s most talented actors, including: Leonardo Dicaprio, Tom Hardy, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Marion Cotillard, Ellen Page, Cillian Murphy, with Ken Watanabe and Michael Caine. Director and screenwriter, Christopher Nolan, produces works that displays his aptitude to venturing in unfamiliarRead MoreChristopher Nolan As An Auteur2860 Words   |  12 Pages At first glance, Christopher Nolan appears unqualified for auteur status. Many of his films have been remakes, adaptations, or franchise films which carry negative connotations and intellectual lowliness [1]. If we look closer, however, we can see a tendency towards psycho logically complex characters, and complex ideology. In order to classify Nolan as an auteur, we must first examine the definition of the word, as Nolan in not an auteur in the traditional sense, like Spielberg or Scorsese. An auteurRead MoreInception- Mise-En-Scene1724 Words   |  7 PagesFischer’s subconscious. Therefore, at this point that Fischer trusts Cobb and thinks his uncle is betraying him, he will helps Cobb and others gets into his own subconscious, as he understands as Browning’s, and find out the truth, or as we know, the inception Cobb tries to implant in Fischer’s mind. â€Å"’He’s going to help us break into his own subconscious’ – Arther† (Nolan). When Browning and Fischer falls asleep, everyone in the room start preparing their own work, to sleep and go down to another dimension

The Merits Of Teacher Performance Pay - 3187 Words

THE MERITS OF TEACHER PERFORMANCE PAY IN KENYA Introduction This paper discusses the merits of performance pay for teachers in Kenya. I argued here that remuneration reforms for civil service teachers will achieve production efficiency. This paper has three main sections. Section 1 gives a brief description of the scheme of service for teachers in Kenya. Section 2 highlights the economic case in favour of teacher salaries and identifies the government failures in ensuring teacher effectiveness. Section 3 offers a criticism of teacher performance pay as a reform strategy in determining teacher efficiency in Kenyan public schools. This section further delves into the issues that affect effective teacher performance pay systems and reflect†¦show more content†¦The salary system is in ascending order in the scale of eleven job groups. The highest paid teacher, chief principal (job group R) is at grade 11.The lowest paid teacher, a P2 (job group F) is at grade 1. In addition to the basic salary, teachers are paid allowances with allocations relative to the job group standing, this include; house allowance, commuter allowance, medical allowance, responsibility allowances. Teachers are entitled to an automatic annual salary increase of about 4% for every year of service (Teachers Service Commission, 2012 p 1-24). Duflo et al (2012), elaborates on teacher recruitment and salaries in Kenya; illustrates the central role played by the Teachers Service Commission in teacher m anagement and trade –union representation is highlighted to show how the wage system works (Duflo et al, 2012). Michael and Mathew (2007) underscore that salary schemes for teachers are almost a worldwide characteristic of public schools. They rely on data from national surveys that indicate that 100% of teachers in public schools are paid using a pay set salary system (Michael and Mathew, 2007). Glazerman et al, (2011) argue that the single salary system was created to address equity issues and has spread over the globe, where teachers regularly get paid based on qualification and experience as opposed to the measure of teacher effectiveness and their students results. (Glazerman et al, 2011;

Annotated Bibliography On Linear Data Structure - 1769 Words

An introduction to linked list: a Review Abstract This paper describes about linear data structure i.e. linked list. Linked list is dynamic in nature means there is no need to know size of data in advance. It is linear collection of data elements which may or may not be stored at consecutive memory location. In linked list pointers are used for providing the linear order and each node is divided into parts for storing data and link part. This paper provides only overview that how linked list was created and what are its advantages over another data structure. It also defines how data is stored in linked list. What type of linked list can be? What basic operations can be performed on singly linked list? .And also tried to define applications of data structure. Introduction Linked list was developed by Cliff Shaw, Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon at RAND Corporation in year of 1955-1956. It was firstly used in information processing language for artificial intelligence. There are many disadvantages of array as compare to linked list. First is array is a static data structure and size have to define before use for example: int marks [10] here size of array have fixed of 10 elements. Second array stores only similar type of elements in integer value according to upper example it will store only integer value and third one is in array insertion and deletion operation are very difficult for performing that operations huge amount of data have to move upward and downwardShow MoreRelatedAll the Mathematics You Missed but Need to Know for Graduate School17996 Words   |  72 Pagesand a few key results of the most important undergraduate topics in mathematics, emphasizing the intuitions behind the subject. The topics include linear algebra, vector calculus, differential geometry, real analysis, point-set topology, differential equations, probability theory, complex analysis, abstract algebra, and more. An annotated bibliography offers a guide to further reading and more rigorous foundations. This book will be an essential resource for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduateRead MoreElectronic Media13295 Words   |  54 Pagesfields rather than developing in ways that will make them universal. It is also easy to be sanguine about this differential pattern of developments. One argument is that â€Å"sooner or later everyone will catch on† and learn to use the various emedia structures in all fields. It is just a matter of time before laggard fields catch up with the leaders, and the scholarly community converges on a stable set of electronic forums, such as â€Å"pre-print† servers, discussion lists, and electronic journals. A secondRead MoreBanana Used as Fertilizer11002 Words   |  45 Pagesreview on banana diseases in 1935 has resulted in a really useful chapter, whereas any attempt to cover a wider range in forty pages must have led to a treatment too superficial to be worth while. For the pests, on which no monograph exists, an annotated list is given of 182 species and five are selected for fuller treatment. In the last chapter the author returns to his special field and gives a concise but adequate summary of the aims, methods and results of banana b reeding from its inception inRead MoreNew Product Development10504 Words   |  43 PagesPrada, Salvatore Ferragamo and Versace. A strong brand portfolio, facilitates customer recall, and enhances Luxottica s market penetration opportunities. Vertically integrated business operations The group has a vertically integrated business structure. 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Included are the c umulative sum and exponentially weighted moving average control charts (Chapter 9), several important univariate control charts such as procedures for short production runs, autocorrelated data, and multiple stream processes (Chapter 10), multivariate process monitoring and control (Chapter 11), and feedback adjustment techniques (Chapter 12). Some of this material is at a higher level than Part III, but much of it is accessible by advancedRead MoreDeveloping Effective Research Proposals49428 Words   |  198 PagesPublications Ltd 6 Bonhill Street London EC2A 4PU SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd 32, M-Block Market Greater Kailash-I New Delhi 110 048 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7619 6355 3 ISBN 0 7619 6356 1 (pbk) Library of Congress catalog record available Typeset by Type Study, Scarborough, North Yorkshire Printed in Great Britain by The CromwellRead MoreOperational Management36687 Words   |  147 PagesStrategy and Capacity Planning Location Strategies Human Resources, Job Design and Organisational Effectiveness Supply Chain Management Inventory Management and JIT Systems Aggregate Scheduling Materials Resources Planning (MRPII) Project Management Bibliography Title of Section Page 3-6 7 - 24 25 - 36 37 - 54 55 - 72 73 - 84 85 - 102 103 - 116 117 - 138 139 - 150 151 - 166 167 - 176 177 - 192 193 - 206 207 - 208 MANCOSA - MBA Year 1 1 Operations Management MANCOSA - MBA Year 1 2 OperationsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesDepartment, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335–4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (PbkRead MoreThe Essentials of Project Management65719 Words   |  263 PagesEngland Gower Publishing Company 131 Main Street Burlington VT 05401-5600 USA Dennis Lock has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this work. 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Modernist Art In Europe Essay Example For Students

Modernist Art In Europe Essay Herbert Herberts thesis of his essay is to investigate the arrival of the machine and modern art and its complexities. During WWI, modernist painting and sculpture paid major attention to machinery, science and industry. Modern art during that time has become a central factor in our culture due to its dominance in public art, museums, media and literature. Herbert brings in background information and stated the avant-garde of Pisarro, van Gogh, Monet, Renoir, etc. The industrial revolution had a stronger grip on society during the 19th century, and during this time, modern art was associated with primitive nature. During the rise of industrial art their was a rise of landscapes and paintings of rural everyday life. Also, the new technique and style which became the handcraft to modern art was so avant-garde from the academic art. Modern art was involved with cubism, futurism and vorticism. He explains that all of these arts consisted of the importance of handcraft, creativity, individuality, and original expression. Herbert keeps bringing in the fact the machine was the leading sign of modernity. There was no more of a gap between handwork and the machine. Also, that the machine became so important in modern art because it was now a part of daily urban life, due to subways, telephones, automobiles, sewing machines, bicycles, televisions, cinema, and more advanced photographic and advertising developments. Herbert states that although the machine became a large factor in art that it was not incorporated in the work of all modernists, such as Picasso and Braque. The author then describes the modern art in epic cubism, and how it focused on geometric architecture and structures of mechanical parts with organic rhythm of daily life. And how Italian futurism dealt with modern city life, but with more immediacy, more implied movement. It was similar to cubist but with more calculations. The cubo-futurists in Russia combined machinery with modernity but did not require the latest industrial form. The Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the adoption of the abstract language. Artists were now considered constructor-inventor because they gave engineering a new creative form. But in France there was no equivalence to Bauhaus or the Constructivists schooling. The new artistic energies came from the vanguard. Its government did not want radical change. There was the vanguard embrace of modern industry with aesthetic clarity which is related to French culture. Herbert concludes that in modern art there was a very close relationship between art and industry which considering history was avant-garde for its time. I felt that this essay was very clear and to the point. I found it easy to read and somewhat enjoyable. Although I wasnt too sure of Herberts main thesis I found his essay interesting.

Applying Ecological Principles for Koala

Question: Disucss about theApplying Ecological Principles for Koala. Answer: Introduction Ecology has been defined as the branch of science that deals with the biotic and abiotic environment surrounding an organism. It takes into accounts the different types of relationships prevailing between an organism and their immediate surrounding and the environment. The study of ecology emphasizes on the significance of such relationships on sustainability of organism. Various ecological principles are set for maintain an optimum natural environment and ensure the safety of endangered species of Australia. Our current report focuses on a particular animal of Australia, the Koala, which is considered to be one of the threatened species in the country. The report elaborates the ecology of the concerned animal, the relevant ecological issues concerning the species and tries to manifest how ecological principles can be applied in order to create a sustainable environment for conservation of our chosen animal species. Taxonomy and Classification of Koala The scientific name of the animal is Phascolarctoscinereus. Following is the detailed taxonomic classification of the animal: Kingdom: Animalia; Phylum: Chordata; Sub-phylum: Vertebrata; Class: Mammalia; Sub-class: Marsupialia; Order: Diprotodontia; Sub-order: Vombatiformes; Family: Phascolarctidae; Genus: Phascolarctos; Species: Cinereus(Iucnredlist.org, 2016). It is classified as Animalia because of its capability of locomotion and its multicellular and heterotrophic characteristics. Presence of Spinal cord classifies it as Chordate and Vertebrate. Koalas produce milk to feed their young ones, hence they are Mammals. Presence of pouches to carry their young ones qualifies them as Marsupials. The arrangement of their teeth on the jaw and fusion of the second and third digits in its back paw puts it in the order Diprotodontia. Koala is the only still existing member of its family Phascolarctidae. Several characteristics like type and number of teeth and digits are considered to classify it into this family. Considering the features of its urogenital tract, spermatozoa, karyotype and serology it is stated to belong to the genus Phascolarctos.Ecology of Koala Koalas are one of the few animal species of Australia that solely depend on the foliage of Eucalyptus for the source of energy and nutrient. However, specific species of eucalyptus are preferred by the animal and accordingly their population is distributed with their preferred tree species.In general Koalas have a sedentary lifestyle and are solitary animals. Most of them live in overlapping home ranges, which aid them in the process of mating. Both males and females start mating at an age of around two to three years and generally give birth each year. Over-browsing of trees has been a sustainability issue in many areas, which has led to undertaking of several actions like habitat protection, fertility suppression and translocation (Mc Lean 2003). Studies have shown that the tree species koalas use for resting are not necessarily the same species they use for feeding purposes and hence studying their feeding patterns are somewhat difficult (Marsh et al 2014).It has been reported that Koala population increased dramatically in the late 1800s and suffered a considerable decline in the late 1900s due to ecological factors. Currently Koalas are found in Queensland, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and South Australia (Melzer et al 2000). In most of the regions the animal has been declared to be Vulnerable by the Australian Government. Relevant Ecological Issues Koalas were declared to be a threatened species in the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) by the Australian Government. Further the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has declared Koala to be a Potentially Vulnerable species(Savethekoala.com, 2016). Several ecological factors have been identified that have a direct impact on the survival of the animal. Loss of habitat is the most significant of all the issues in this regard. Expansion of human settlement and demands of modern life like roads, factories, agriculture and housing has caused much loss of the wildlife habitats where the animals were already found. Due to increased human population, subsequent increase in cars and dogs has turned to be a serious threat to the animal species. Around 4000 koala deaths have been reported to be caused by cars and domestic dogs each year (Cork et al 2000). It has been reported that Koalas suffer from various diseases such as conjunctiviti s, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and reproductive tract infection that might lead to infertility. Chlamydia is most prevalent pathogen found to be affecting the species (Waugh et al 2016). Other threats faced by koalas are bushfires and danger from other wild animals. Ecological Principles Ecology deals with the interactions and interrelationships at various levels ranging from populations and communities to ecosystems and biospheres. Populations comprise interbreeding groups of animals belonging to the same species and inhabiting in the same habitat. When populations of different species interact, communities are formed. Ecosystems are the abiotic and biotic components of a predefined area that influences all the populations and communities of that region. Biosphere includes all the biological and physical processes that directly or indirectly influence life on Earth. Several ecological principles play an important role in maintaining a harmony between all the components of an ecosystem. Ecological interdependence is a key factor that determines the survival of a species. Despite of dynamic changes in the ecological systems each and every species residing in a particular area are dependent on other animals and plants. This dependence arises mainly from the food chain and for obtaining energy and nutrients. Each component of an ecosystem aims at reaching goals that are beneficial for the whole and any organism that acts against this notion is considered as a disturbing factor for the overall ecological harmony. Human beings play a huge role in altering ecosystems by changing the physical environment of the same and disturbing the residing organism of the particular region. This proves to be detrimental to the human species itself on the long run. It has been already discussed that changes in the habitat is the most concerning ecological issue for koalas, where human play a significant part(Little et al 2007).Loss of habitat can cause longstanding impacts on the intera ction between the biotic components of an ecosystem. Human intervention must be stopped to conserve the Koala habitats. This can be done by forming certain legislations and laws on part of the government and thus restricting human impact on concerned regions. Koalas solely thrive on eucalyptus plants that too on certain species of the plants are preferred by the animal. Loss of habitat may lead to loss of certain species of the plant essential for survival of Koalas. Disruption of the food chain due to such losses is often life threatening for animals species. Even natural disturbances affect the population and species of an ecosystem. Natural disturbances can influence the shape size and distribution of ecosystems and subsequently thre animal species residing there. The intensity and frequency of forest fires have shapes ecosystems in several regions of the earth. Composition and structure of habitats need to be studied at a landscape level to get an insight about the impacts of natural disturbances. For terrestrial ecosystems the species and community composition and the patch size distribution are of utmost relevance. Bushfire have caused much harm to Koalas consistently. Certain measures are necessary to prevent such fires and deaths of the vulnerable species. Chlamydial diseases in Koalas continue to be one of the most common diseases occurring in the animal (Timms 2005). The causes of preventable disease caused by Chlamydial infection needs to be identified and preventable measures should be taken to avoid further deaths due to such causes. Conclusion Koalas of Australia are already considered a vulnerable species. Several ecological factors that influence the habitat and consequently their survival of the species have been addressed. Loss of habitat being the most determining factor for the decline in the animal population in recent years needs immediate attention. The indispensible step that needs to be taken is preventing and/or restricting impact of humans on the habitat of the animal. Certain natural disturbances like diseases and bushfires needs to be studied to figure out preventive measures. The role of the government is crucial in this regard. Laws and guidelines must be set considering the significance of the alarming situation. After formulation of such laws the government must ensure effective implementation of the same in order to reach the desired goals. References Bioweb.uwlax.edu. (2016).Classification. 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